Rhetorical Analysis Of `` The Necessary Art Of Persuasion ``

Today’s business environment is fundamentally the same as it’s always been. An individual gets into business to provide goods and/or services in exchange for a premium. That could be many things ranging from other goods, services, money, or an agenda. In the article, The Necessary Art of Persuasion, the author, Jay A. Conger, attempts to illustrate to the readers that one must learn and become fluid in the art of persuasion in the business environment. I believe this argument in favor of persuasion is relative now more then ever. In the past persuasion has had a place in sales and marketing. Attempting to use persuasive techniques in other areas of business could have been deemed as devious or manipulative. However, certain aspects of how we do business and conduct ourselves has changed over the years. Although the fundamental purpose as to why we do business is still the same how we get to the end goal is not. Persuasion definitely has its place in the business world. A great use for persuasive techniques is communicating internally within ones organization. Conger describes in his article that in order for one to be successful with the use of persuasion one must first redefine what they consider persuasion to be. This article also dives into why persuasion is good to motivate ones subordinates and get them to become more effective and efficient at what there function is. The old way to manage individuals is similar to how military organizations do. These types ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Business Communication Strategies1599 Words   |  7 Pagesand tropes are a part of our everyday interactions. We use them to emphasize what we say or write, or simply to express our thoughts in a way that is â€Å"visible† and easily understood by our reader. This is particularly true in business relations. Rhetorical devices such as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony, are used in this kind of exchanges, and when used in the correct way and not abused, they are a powerful instrument in the hands of businessmen. In particular, metaphor is the most common figureRead MoreAristotles Rhetoric Theory2285 Words   |  10 PagesRhetoric Rhetorical Theory centered on the 4th Century BC writings of Aristotle. Aristotle’s Rhetoric was the seminal work which was later revised by others including Kenneth Burke (dramatism) and Toulmin (argument model). George A. Kennedy (2004) wrote the most respected, authoritative and explanatory translation of Aristotle’s Rhetoric but an older translation by W. Rhys Roberts (1954) is available online for free. Aristotle’s mentor, Plato (385 BC), reacted to theRead More Sophists2245 Words   |  9 PagesGorgias, but also his Phaedrus is incorporated to the following analysis. Plato on sophists and rhetoric In Gorgias Plato claims that rhetoric is not a Ï„Î ­Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ½ÃŽ · (462b) and his accusations against sophists or rhetoricians seem to be reducible to three closely related arguments: first, that rhetoric doesn’t have its own subject (that would make it a Ï„Î ­Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·); second (and most importantly) that it lacks the theoretical basis that is necessary for a Ï„Î ­Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·, and thirdly that rhetoric is used for morally baseRead MorePropaganda Techniques Used By Jacques Ellul1804 Words   |  8 Pagesways, propaganda is a form of persuasion, as multiple artistic and rhetorical methods are used to seduce the minds of citizens, and encourage a certain set of ideologies or beliefs. However, persuasion is the art of formulating an argument that will appear to one’s ethos, pathos, or logos, but allows room for debate. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, persuasion is â€Å"to move by argument, entreaty, or expostulation to a belief, position, or c ourse of action†. Persuasion involves reasoning with anRead MoreRhetoric with the Political and Public Affairs Arena1970 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction When determining what I should cover for the annotated bibliography, I knew I wanted to cover rhetoric with the political and public affairs arena. The ability to persuade the masses is truly an art itself. Because the political and public affairs arena is so broad, I narrowed my research down to reading and researching about the president’s rhetoric when campaigning, governing the public, and convincing the other branches of government. The power of rhetoric and the effective usageRead More Robert Pirsigs Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance Essay5286 Words   |  22 PagesRobert Pirsigs Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values Confronting crises of technological annihilation and personal madness, Robert Pirsig finds each to be a manifestation of a deeper crisis of Reason. In response) he suggests an alternative to our current paradigm of rationality, the art of motorcycle maintenance. By showing that our understanding and performance derive from our emotional and evaluative commitments, he challenges the cultural commonplace whichRead MoreRhetoric : Rhetoric And Composition5982 Words   |  24 PagesThe subject of this course is rhetoric, the effective use of language. Basically, rhetoric is about people communicating to other people who have an investment in the same issue or topic. This course introduces students to college-level writing and analysis. That means you can expect to develop critical writing strategies that should help you succeed in college. The focus of this course, however, is not only college writing; we will also address the kinds of writing and reading skills that are importantRead Mo reStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pages AP Literary and Rhetorical Terms 1. 2. alliteration- Used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolicRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of America Skips School2316 Words   |  10 Pagesfailing school systems in the U.S titled America Skips School published in Harper’s Magazine. Barber uses rhetorical elements like ethos, pathos, and logos to build his argument. He establishes his credibility and then emotionally connects with his audience and explains who and what is to blame for the lack of quality education in America. Once he establishes a solid connection using these rhetorical techniques he effectively inspires the audience to change their ways and raise concern for the educationRead MoreResearch on Persuasive Techniques Used in Advertising Industry12297 Words   |  50 Pagessuch schools, whether the focus of the students research is journalism practice, history, law or: media effects. Mass communication research includes media institutions and processes, such as diffusion of informa tion, and media effects, such as persuasion or manipulation of public opinion. With the Internets increased role in delivering news and information, mass communication studies —and media organizations—have increasingly focused on the convergence of publishing, broadcasting and digital communication

The Is The Limitless Multiplication Of Unnecessary...

â€Å"Civilization is the limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities† as spoken by Mark Twain. Before cutting edge progress, people were content to just exist. Life spun around the minimum essentials of food, water, and shelter. With the formation of human progress, we have bit by bit moved far from a subsidence presence. We have secured the minimum essentials in life. Our concentration is no more extended on surviving, yet rather on being agreeable. We have created numerous extravagance things that we claim to need - TV, autos, telephones, and so forth. Clearly, we can get by without them, yet there is no compelling reason to so these things have turned out to be important. It is effectively to make due with these things and they have been incorporated into our lives. Many individuals would think that its exceptionally hard to lead business without them. As innovation keeps on extending so do the necessaries which are in truth pointless we ve made due without them as of recently. Civilizations tend to rise and fall throughout time, and as one civilization rises another fall building upon it predecessor’s achievements to launch its own success. It can be seen throughout history how we have moved away from just a subsidence presence, to the complex system civilizations have become to be known as. In the beginning of human presence, the term civilization was unknown as the earliest modern humans (homo sapiens) appeared in Africa in about 200,000 BCE They wereShow MoreRelatedIs Civilization the Answer to the Chaos?1144 Words   |  5 PagesAs Mark Twain once said, â€Å"Civilization is the limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities.† The society believes that civilization is the solution to disorder and chaos, but sometimes it creates more problems than solutions. To the imperial Europeans, turning the natives into civilized human beings was the main goal, and that is why they felt as if it was their job to take over the nat ives’ lands. In general, civilization is seen as a solution to a utopian realm. William Shakespeare in The

Northern Ireland †source related study Free Essays

1) Source A depicts the job problems that the Catholics faced in Ulster in the 60’s. It Shows the employment figures of a variety of different companies, and then tells us how many of these employees are Protestant or Catholic. The first example of the problems faced is at the Belfast shipyard; where there were 10,000 people employed, of which only 400 were Catholic. We will write a custom essay sample on Northern Ireland – source related study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considering this was the biggest source of employment in the town, and wasn’t exactly a cushy job, you would have expected a much larger number of people working there who were Catholic. However, this was not the case, and was the same everywhere else. In Fermanagh, the county council employed 370 people. Only 48 of these people were Catholic, and none of those people had decent or upper class jobs. This didn’t change with bus drivers either. 75 bus drivers were employed in Fermanagh, and only 7 of them were Catholic. And considering that over half of Fermanagh was Catholic, this meant that there would have been a lot of Catholics left without jobs in the city. Therefore, the difficulties faced by Catholics in the 60’s were that they were discriminated against by the Protestants. This only shows the job problems they had, but they did face many other daunting problems in the 60’s. 2) Source B helps assess the discrimination of Catholics to a certain extent. This is because it is coming from a reliable source. Billy Sinclair used to be the manager of Linfield football club and saw the sort of discrimination he is talking about with his own eyes. The sort of discrimination he is talking about is that if a football scout for a Northern Irish club spots a good young footballer that is from a catholic school, they won’t take him on as a player. This is obviously because he is a Catholic, so he wouldn’t be accepted in a protestant team. However, this source only comes from one person, and could be helped by being backed up by other people who also manage football clubs, or even from football scouts themselves. Also, source C says that as many protestant people should be in work during times when job opportunities are poor. They would prefer to keep more protestant, unqualified people in work instead of Catholics who could possibly do a better job. This is clear discrimination against the cleverer Catholic people within Ulster. This is a very useful source in assessing the discrimination against Catholics, as it comes from an organisation, rather than just a single person making a statement about the discrimination against young Catholic footballers. 3) The reason that Londonderry became the centre of a civil rights movement was that the Catholics got fed up with the living conditions (as shown in source D) and the voting system in the city. As source D shows, the living conditions were absolutely diabolical. The picture shows an outdoor bath and outhouse, which was very common amongst Catholics houses. However, the Protestants would have had much nicer, indoor bathrooms and toilets, instead of being out in the cold. So that is why the Catholics were fed up with the housing. Also, the way the voting system was set up was biased towards the Protestants. The Catholics were all crammed into one voting area of Londonderry, while the Protestants were spread over two voting areas, meaning that in those two areas, there would be more Protestant votes, meaning more Protestants councillors. The three sources all agree with each other when it comes to talking about the discrimination that the Catholics faced in Ulster. They all show a factor which proves the way that the Catholics were treated. The Catholics within Ulster do get mistreated by the Protestants, even if they are only out of line slightly. The smallest crime could lead to a beating and even a jail sentence, which is how extreme the prejudice is in Ireland. Londonderry became the centre of the civil rights movement in Ireland because it was the main centre of violence in the whole of Eire and Ulster. There was an equal balance of Protestants and Catholics, but there was an un-equal balance in the society. The Protestants always treated the Catholics with prejudice, and never let go of their stronghold over the weaker community. These factors aggravated the Catholics and eventually led them to start up the civil rights movement. After the civil rights movement had started, people from all across Eire and Ulster got involved and were hoping for a united Ireland. 4) In source G, Rev. Ian Paisley said that the IRA and the people who supported it where behind the Civil Rights movement. What he effectively meant was that the Catholics were behind the civil rights movement, which is not the way that Michael Farrell thought about it in source H. He said that there were some Catholics that believed in civil rights, but it was mainly the Protestants that were in charge of the movement. Therefore, he doesn’t agree with the way Paisley saw the civil rights movement. However, Source I Does agree with Paisley more than source H. It says that the membership was mostly Catholic, and that the IRA was closely involved in the civil rights movement. However, it does also say that there were Protestants involved, so it doesn’t completely agree with the comments made by Paisley. 5) The picture in source J, which was drawn by a Northern Irish political cartoonist, does help portray why the trouble continued into the 90’s. It shows five different groups walking around a never-ending staircase which doesn’t lead anywhere. Four of the groups (Religion, Politics, Workers and Civilians) are walking up the staircase, working there way up to a better Ireland. However, the other group (the paramilitaries) is walking down the staircase, as they try to cause trouble and want to keep Eire and Ulster separate. They like to stir up the trouble between the Protestants and Catholics and cause riots. The peace process was being lead by Religion, which is why they are at the front of the staircase in the picture. Then the politics follow the Religion as they wanted the fighting and riots to end as it would mean they would get more votes. Then the workers followed the politics as they were drawn in by the things that the governments promised they would do. And the civilians follow the workers as they are mainly their husbands that are working, and the civilians are mainly women and their children. Also, on the side of the wall it has graffiti that says â€Å"REM 1960 ULSTER† which is referring to the Battle of the Boyne. This was obviously when William of Orange and his protestant followers invaded Ireland and took over what is now known as Ulster. This is to remind people that the rift between the Protestants and Catholics still exists because of this event. Another bit of graffiti says â€Å"1916† which refers to the Easter rising on April 24th. There was also the Good Friday agreement of 1998. Sinn Fein was reluctant to sign the document, but in the end gave in. There was an uprising, however, after the document had been signed. This was because it meant that paramilitary prisoners were released. This caused unrest between the two parties, and caused more riots. How to cite Northern Ireland – source related study, Papers

Society and the Power of Rap Essay Example For Students

Society and the Power of Rap Essay In modern society, rap is seen as an attraction of public entertainment of those in the working-class group. Looking back at the origins of rap, the difference of it now compared to before is quite distinctive. Before, rap had meaningful lyrics which conveyed the true scene of African-American life to listeners. It had the power to inspire people for or against certain acts, but now its purpose has been defeated, or so some people think. In present-day, rap is generally discriminated as the wild, uncouth side to the musical industry. The use of vulgar words and equally vulgar music videos are disgusting, annoying and abhorred by certain public groups. To them, it is so controversial that they are willing to bring up political arguments against rap music. One reason why rap is detested by people is the influential power that it has on unsuspecting children who have easy access to it through the uncensored domains of the Internet. The fear of parents towards music and some of its mature content that will affect the mindsets of their children leads them to a biased state where they think all rap music is bad and should be banned from society. It is such that rap has become a scapegoat for the rebellious behavior of teenagers that have developed as a result from being influenced by this ‘bad music’. The original purpose of rap music to convey a social declaring has long been sullied by modern commercialization of the music industry, changing the lyrics into what they think would sell the song more. The initial use of words to rebel against racial segregation and discrimination has downgraded into words that have become even more vulgar, such as ‘pimps’, ‘hoes’, and ‘playas’ for example. This has also led to the fact that teenagers have become a little more rebellious as well. It’s ironic, because if rap is so influential to the youthful part of society, its lyrics could have been changed into something that the public deems ‘positively influencing’. Instead, it has been changed from bad to worse over the years. Although it may seem hopeless for rap to maintain its originality on a large scale, there are still rappers out there who still ‘keep it real’, in hopes that the ‘real’ rap can still display its original use. Such rappers, or modern day ‘griots’ include Lupe Fiasco, Biz Markie, Eminem and a few others. If rap were to make a complete turn-around by these people, things will quite easily change. The usefulness of rap to bring out a public message to the modern generation is still strong, as long as if they were to ‘keep it real’. Its potential has the power to change the perspectives of people and lives, no matter how big or small. As said earlier, rap music has been blamed for being a bad influence towards the youths in society. This is probably because modern rap is all about ‘gangsta’ lifestyles, girls or just an outburst of whatever rappers are thinking about at that moment. Another factor is because modern teens have so much time to spend, they listen to this ‘fake’ version of rap. If only rap were to change, there is a big possibility that it can raise awareness and understanding in them about modern-day problems and how to solve them. Looking back, a solution can be seen. Because the public detests modern rap, its power to change lives has been diminished. The reason for this is that rap has evolved from a means of communication into a way of babbling on about ‘gangsta’ life and other issues that have so relation whatsoever to the changing of the world. .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc , .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .postImageUrl , .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc , .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc:hover , .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc:visited , .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc:active { border:0!important; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc:active , .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21cf39d63aae8dcf5fc411c695270ccc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Fascination of Pop Music EssayHowever, if rap were to evolve again (or should I say devolve? ) into its second generation of meaningful, rapping griots, there is a chance its origins may be maintained and a change in society may be observed as a result. So, I would say no, rap still has the power to change the lives of people. The only thing required is a catalyst which can bring it back into its former form, and that catalyst is us, which we as people can decide whether we want it or not.

Castles of anger Review Essay Example

Castles of anger Review Paper Essay on Castles of anger This is the fate she could weave the thread of our lives quietly, but instead she ignites on its way, here and there, some moments, choosing from thousands of other moments of our lives. At night, when you reminisce, they burn bright light, marking milestones course of your destiny. These lonely lights burn so bright that sometimes illuminate at least some reasons for what happened in your life.  »  « Why is life always makes fun of us? She catches up with us even at a tender age and sows in our childrens mind a certain image, or smell, or sound, and leaves it in our memory. And this moment was happiness. Do you understand it then, when its too late. Youre already far: thousands of kilometers away that image, sound, smell. And there is no return to them  »  « Our desire -. Thats the most important thing that we have in life, and can not always give them up. It turns out that sometimes costs not sleep all night because of our burning desires. We do abominations, but never pay for them. And this is precisely the most important thing when it comes time to pay, we must meet it with dignity, not trying to avoid retribution. Only it is important  ». We will write a custom essay sample on Castles of anger Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Castles of anger Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Castles of anger Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer  « As silly as it may seem, but people sometimes covers countries, even panic, and life after that is wrinkled like a ticket, in a fit of fear gripped in his fist. Partly by accident and partly by the will of fate, in the folds of the coiled tangle of life disappear sad, mean, or never understood periods of time. . Thats the way  »  « Ten kilometers away in the bell tower in Kvinnipake struck midnight; blowing north wind, and he reported that the sound of bells from the city directly into the room where they lay. When the phone rings this bell, it seems as if bells cut the night apart, and the time its sharp blade, cut through a portion of eternity of surgery hours and every minute of it causes injury to himself saved, and these blows bells cling over time, the way it is, because time counts the life force, consisting in the fact that a matter of minutes by minute, thats what it means to escape the way it is, the truth, and the transcendental legalization of any clockwork, and painful sweetness all the bells tangible svjaza s with time, in order just to establish some order in constant electrifying crash before and after each stroke associated wild fear, hysterical pedantry and superhuman strength. And like any of panic, it has its own ritual, and ritual that consists in the constant transformation of m illions of hysterical explosion of fear in a divine dance on stage, in which a person is able to move like a god is a ritual, I repeat, and that this was ritual clock tower Grand Junction.  »  « his heart discouraged some special rhythm like crazy hours, chained in this monstrous building, which was Kvinnipag with its bell tower  ». time kills to escape. While the sharp blade, pierce the flesh of life, cutting an artery fate to put the blood, without which it would immediately blunted blade. Whether to time applicable to both existing temporary category as a heartless system of reference? time is a predator or time-warrior? Whether it has a mind? And do it there the blade higher justice whose sharpness is almost impossible to understand in the course of human existence Books Path from Dandellion Wine by Ray Bradbury to the uniqueness of Alessandro Baricco, return to Ray, but now to his evil spirits was army , followed once again the voice of the author. Finally, his memories of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights. And all this to show through here and there tones of Debussy, Piano placers, merged with the voices of summer meadows in the morning, and in the other lines with a thunderous roar and the darkness of night, cool ringing shower, and a whispering silence As if Baricco twists slightly salty and slightly sweet white thread, which can take any color, then dissolves them in the waters of the sea and the water turns into glass transparent, perfectly smooth, with a subtle shade of blue. To break not to break it, but the world through him you will see in the new breaking On this glass moving crazy -. Without looking back and looking into the eyes of death at sunset amber sun What holds them. within the limits of life? Surely those parallels that pulls Baricco between them, infinitely far?  « she was crying. They know how few some only the eyes, just as a vessel to the brim filled with sadness, standing impassively as long as one is just a drop not to overfill it and do not spill over the edge, and it is followed by thousands of others, and he was standing impassive and on the edges of his drip tears of resentment  » and at the other end of the story:. Life it is filled with glass, which should be drunk to the dregs  » to the bottom, not allowing tears. resentment, which are dyed blue and inky wine once overwhelmed the glass, and then there is no stopping the track, the current down the passionless . The smoothness of glass  « I told him that all the most beautiful thing in life a mystery so it was with me there are things to see: these are things ordinary or horrible, but there are still some mysteries, and it is in them that the happiness is I was so at least  » Baricco creates glass, but the letters show through his books on paper as on a milk sea, dense and calm. And if you hold them with your fingertips, you will feel them hematite reliefs, extending slightly upward, like the fingers of your extraordinary, subtle and discreet magnets, and letters huddled together in flocks of words, so gullible gyre -. Style Baricco. Thats right, the only right word, but I moved them a lot.  «You come here not to sing some single note. You come to sing your own note. It is not a trifle, its very important. Have your note, its own note. Love her, choosing from thousands of others, to carry it with you, in your heart. You may not believe me, but I tell you that when you breathe, it breathes with you when you sleep, it waits for you to wake up, it should be your shadow, and I swear, it will be with you until the death and will die with you life is, of course, makes a hell of a noise, but strained his ears to hear it, and when you hear, grab it and hold fast to it no longer will not go away. Carry it with you humming it to myself when youre working, even if it sounds in your head, in my heart, let it be at your fingertips. And, perhaps, even in the legs  » And then the time may be, shall overtake you not so soon. And youre not from slips on a smooth glass, from which built your castles anger, love, passion, lust, despair and boundless insanity. Someone will survive. Someone one. And most likely, one fingering a rosary of time, with a special effort to make everything else not to confuse more than it is now.

Land Pollution in Dar es Salaam Urban City Essay Example

Land Pollution in Dar es Salaam Urban City Essay Example Land Pollution in Dar es Salaam Urban City Paper Land Pollution in Dar es Salaam Urban City Paper The concept of land pollution by government is so wide and complex because it has been conceptualized differently by different actors such as organization, government itself and private sectors through over time. This includes responsibility of the government and non-government actors about the cause, effects and solution to land pollution problem. Land pollution is said to be a threat to urban dwellers in both developed and developing countries. As a population growth rate and arbitration become increased, solid and chemical waste is generated due to different activities including industrial and human activities. Arbitration as argued by Dubbed (1 990:1 7) defines arbitration as a community consisting of a large concentration of population in a relatively limited geographical area. This is activated by the production of manufactured goods and distribution of various types of goods and services involving high degree of specialization and complicated technology. The main objectives of this research paper are to explore the industrial activities to land pollution problem in relation to urban city change in Dark sees Salaam Tanzania. The study is generally aimed to explore Dark sees Salaam urban city planning for solid waste management system and the currency of land pollution in areas of Leila, Kingdom and Teemed municipal. The study was done through library research on land pollution, internet search about the root cause of land pollution, its effects and solution in Dark sees Salaam city among the other cities In East Africa and Africa at broad. Land pollution is seriously in areas of all, Teemed and Kingdom municipal where planning and sewage system are poorly developed. Today the garbage and other solid waste appears to be much in these areas and other urban dwellers and visitors in the country where plastic bags and cans are being seed. More data about this study have been collected through internet search, library search where few literature have been written little about land pollution in urban cities and other data were primarily obtained through oral and observation through naked eyes like poor toilet systems, sewage system, even here at university Dark sees Salaam particularly main campus and Mambo hostel where sewage system are poor due to frequent leakage and pollutes environment while others are secondary data related to the research topic. Other waste generated around this area including water bottles and plastic gas which are being used by almost all students and thrown everywhere around these areas. Few data Were collected by relating solid waste management, water resource management and energy resource management where quantitative and qualitative approach is used in this study. Other scholars argue that rural-urban migration in Tanzania is high and the urban population increased from 15 % of the total population in 1980 to 33% in 2001(World Bank, 2003) and it has been estimated that by 2025 more than half of the population in Tanzania will live in urban areas. Today the urban planning is inadequate. Consequently, the urban expansion lacks consideration of environmental issues (land, water quality and supply, sanitation and solid waste management) or urban-rural development effects. The current population growth rate according to Macomb, (2008 p. 14) is 4. 9 per annum. This means that there is an increased rate of solid and chemical waste generation in Dark sees Salaam urban city with its three municipalities of Leila, Kingdom and Teemed where solid and chemical wastes are being generated. The city is bound to come up with effective strategies for land pollution control for sustainable future generation. Various sources of land pollution show that industrial activities which are carried out in urban cities including Dark sees Salaam creates land or soil pollution, Jeanne Meager (2011) contents that the amount of waste produced by human societies is increasing. Pollution being a major problem in urban areas of Tanzania is due to improper treatment and disposal of solid and liquid wastes that contribute to urban area pollution. The combined result of these problems on land is that both air and water also have been contaminated with pollutants from land environment which are detrimental to human health. In Dark sees Salaam, for example, less than 5% of the population is connected to a sewage System. Where a sewage system exists, raw sewage is discharged directly into the Indian Ocean without prior treatment. The following are the suggested methods which are advised to be used; Dumping process and refineries of wastes, Sanitary landfill, Composition method and Incineration/burning of waste, but these methods have failed to set land free from pollution. Therefore land pollution means degradation or destruction of the earths surface and soil directly or indirectly as a result of human activities. Encyclopedia Britannica define land pollution as deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on the land or underground that threaten the public health and cause unsightly condition and nuisances. In Dark sees Salaam urban city landfill and land reclamation have led to land deterioration through landfill contents. Although different strategies for land pollution control are being suggested and drafted, land pollution is still a problem in Dark sees Salaam city due population increase that according to Jeanne Meager (201 1), the amount of waste produced by human societies is increasing which creates industrial asset effluents discharged from chemical industries, paper and pulp mills, tanneries, food processing industries, power plants like Bungs power plant in Kingdom municipal which generate fly ash and among the others. To manage land pollutants in the city is very costively and therefore the city at one stage is experienced mushrooming heaps of uncollected garbage, this waste produces smell which attracts flies that cause health problems to the city dwellers. However, presently there some signs of improvements although generally Tanzania has no culture of sorting out solid waste before disposal. Solid waste is collected and transported by contracted private companies to the dumpiest. It should be noted that all dumpiest in the city generate a lot of health and environmental problems Encyclopedia Britannica contents that, deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on land or underground leads to threaten of Public health and cause unsightly condition and nuisances. The idea of introducing sanitary landfill is ever talked about but never implemented by the government, Living (1999) contents that urban pollution is a major problem in urban where solid and liquid waste is a major contributor. Also the Daily Newspaper sometimes back carried a story entitled, Garbage dumps mushroom in Dark streets but this situation is not gloom as such because private and public agencies play a part to collect garbage and transport them to dumpiest by trucks while some waste are often burned. Therefore, Ajar N (2011), argues that all substances or compounds that enter the soil/the land are potentially contaminants; therefore we should recycle, reuse or reduce them. Some settlements such as Bunting and Hangnails are located along the Amazing River which cuts across Dark-sees-SIAM city from East to West dividing the city into two parts North and South). The rivers basin is mainly vegetated by mangrove swamps. The area is popular in Dark sees Salaam because of the role it plays in the urban economy. Most of the fresh vegetables, I. E. Macho (spinach), sold by street vendors in Dark-sees-Salaam are produced there and their residues are thrown away improperly, this leads to land pollution. In order to meet human needs like food production, manufacturing and processing of finished goods and packaging industries are established and increased rates of use have raised the rates of waste generation and regrettably the present technologies Anton cope with the increased rates of disposal. Industrialization process therefore contribute to land pollution through by products of food stuffs and chemicals which are highly toxic are being generated, poor sewage system treatment contributes to land pollution through solid waste and liquid waste is being left during sand mining sites or overcrowded sand mining agricultural products (food stuff remain), municipal and house hold waste such as papers, ashes, glass, metals bottles and plastic are some sources of waste or pollutants in areas of all, Kingdom and Teemed municipals. Several industries located along Pug Road industrial area discharge their waste materials like factory rubbish, packaging waste material, organic waste, scrap metals, tars, dyes, slags, batteries and other heavy metals into land (Stonewashed). The situation is environmentally unacceptable, other waste can be generated from shops, homes like bags, empty cans, glass, bottles, Waste paper, diaper, cloth or rags; bio medical Waste like pathological and anatomical waste; construction/demolition waste like concretes, debris, woods; horticulture waste like vegetable parts, residues and remains of laughter animals like bones are also discharged to land. In Tanzania, some of the root general causes for environmental land degradation are unsustainable farming and mining, overgrazing, uncontrolled forest clearing and wild fires. Other drivers include: inadequate alternative energy sources; a lack of financial institutions that provide credit to farmers to acquire or develop land; LACUNA annual report (201 2/ 201 3) contents that rapid population growth resulting in pressure on land resources. Therefore land pollution in Dark sees Salaam urban city is as a result of industrial activities, unman activities, poor urban planning and population growth rate. Sand mining for construction activities is being undertaken within the Dark sees Salaam City in areas which are not designated for such activities. This phenomenon has created conflicts between residents and city authorities and ultimately undermined principles of urban planning. It has created big holes which essentially affect the aesthetic features of the area. This activity has potentially exacerbated soil erosion and resulted into a loss of productive land. The Government passed the Environment Management Act of 2004 for effective and sustainable management of the environment. Hence, enforcing of special laws pertaining to environmental management is emphasized. Meaningful and effective environmental law must be clearly understood and treasured by the communities and individuals whom it is aimed. The legislation sets out standards and procedures, duties and limits, create obligations for all stakeholders, which will fit human activities and govern land resource sustainable. Waste transportation and collection according to Encyclopedia of environmental pollution and its control Volvo. IV (1989), involves lit modal combination of public and private agency like trucks, walking and head carrying depending on accessibility. These trucks some are owned by government and others by private trucks where bottles for cooking oils, local liquids are being collected and recycled. Also some metals like aluminum are collected to be recycled; crude oil is refined to produce usable diesel, gas and petrol. In the process of waste treatment some waste are biodegradable and easily dumped while others are non-biodegradable and are difficult to recycle, this cause land pollution. In developed countries nuclear waste nutrients to land pollution by generating radioactive materials that contain chemicals which affects human health and land environment. It is believed that with strong government and institutional framework which is well coordinated all the above environmental problems could be resolved. The major sources of land pollution in Dark sees Salaam City are motor vehicles that believed to be the primary source affecting ambient land quality, industrial pollution and residential burning of fossil fuels is another source for pollution. Automobile oil spills on land is a growing problem in Dark sees Salaam City and as such it needs immediate attention before it goes Out Of control. Environmental expenditure review PEER (2004) reports that large amount of waste particles such as woods, metals, bricks, electronic wires and plastics are generated during road construction, rail ways and houses. Classification of solid waste in these areas includes; garbage or decomposable waste, rubbish which can be combustible and non-combustible waste like paper, wood, cloth, rubber leather and garden waste, ashes, industrial solid waste and agricultural waste among the others. The simplest method which have been seed to collect these waste includes crude tipping or open dumping like at Tab dump site, this method is commonly used to those cities found around Indian Ocean and other method adopted but never implemented in Dark sees Salaam city is landfill for solid waste. Inadequate urban planning is a significant driving force behind rising pollution levels, because residential and commercial centers are often far apart, forcing mass movement of workers on a daily basis by using motor vehicles. Soil pollution; soil is being polluted as a result of land degradation through chemical fertilizers which are in liquid while others are in soil form, this weaken the soil quality. Therefore water or wind can easily remove top soil part. Another effect is the change in climate patterns due global warming as a result of deforestation and in the other hand poor urban planning and other human activities contributes to ecosystem that in turn leads to change in climate change because of ozone layer depletion as harmful gases are generated due smelling of garbage. Land pollution also leads to public health problems like diseases because it encourages the growth of flies which transmits typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery among other disease. Directing sewage disposal from land to ocean leads death of marine organisms and burning of waste leads to soil acidity. Various ways should be employed by government and private agencies on how to solve the problem of land pollution in rapid growing urban cities in Africa including Dark sees Salaam in Tanzania. The ways to be followed includes; Education to the people should be provided so as to be aware about the concept of reduce, recycle and re use products; the use of pesticides, insecticides and agricultural chemical fertilizers should be reduced in favor of using gardening or organic foods, the government and land managers should encourage buying or importing biodegradable products that do not affect land by either direct or indirectly; and the government or private agencies should encourage selection of open dumping sites which is a cheap method and providing public sanitary facilities for general environmental management like trucks and dustbins, introduction of national sanitary landfill, development of physical infrastructure and proper chemical waste disposal. Research paper wring as process of doing critical reading has been limited with time and books material about the topic. Time constrain ND lack of money for travel contributed this research paper to be conducted through telephone interview, internet search, email and library where very few readings related to research topic are found. The study attempts to cover a cross section of land pollution in Dark sees Salaam urban city and their surroundings with a varying action/cause, effects of pollutants or pollution as well as regulatory measures to overcome the problem. The main concerns in waste management are proliferation of plastic in waste streams, industrial waste, oil pipe leakage and sewage leakage. Engineering option for waste espousal in Dark sees Salaam is limited due to poor land planning and urban city planning, many open dump sites are not used properly and lack of national sanitary landfill. In different literatures, waste generation from various source is viewed to be disadvantageous and harmful to land and human health as it pollutes and contaminate the environment and attract flies which health leads to diseases like dysentery, diarrhea and typhoid but in the other side, waste if treated properly can be useful especially biodegradable waste can be used as sources of composite manure. It is not only all pollutants are harmful o environment but also some are useful as they save some microorganism in land. Land pollution in urban cities in developed and developing countries is generally as a result of different factors such as industrial activities, human activities, mining and agriculture activities. In Dark sees Salaam urban city, pollution is due to rapid population increase versus poor urban planning. Tanzania government has proved failure in urban planning in Dark sees Salaam city hence it is difficult for land managers to control land pollution, the natural environment has always been exploited to fulfill human needs but urine this century the scale of our demands has grown so large that we are degrading the ecosystem upon which our health and live hood depends World Bank, (1998) Pl. Technologies from outside has led to challenge in land management policy because it generates solid and liquid waste that pollutes the land environment as they are deposited inland. There should be land saving technology (LAST) in order to save environment from pollution.

Application for the Use of Human Research Participants Essay

Application for the Use of Human Research Participants - Essay Example Signed materials can be submitted by mail, fax (434-522-0506), or email (scanned document to irb@liberty.edu). Signed materials can also be submitted via regular mail or in person to our office: Campus North, Suite 1582. Please be sure to use the grey form fields to complete this document; do not change the format of the application. You are able to move quickly through the document by using the â€Å"Tab† key. Note: Applications with the following problems will be returned immediately for revisions: 1) Grammar/spelling/punctuation errors, 2) A lack of professionalism (lack of consistency/clarity) on the application itself or any supporting documents, 3) Incomplete applications. Failure to minimize these errors will cause delays in your processing time. II. BASIC PROTOCOL INFORMATION Protocol Title:  ?UNDERSTANDING THE EXPERIENCES OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES WHO DID NOT COMPLETE HIGH SCHOOL  Principal Investigator (PI): Richard Warner Wieringo Professional Title:  Sch ool/Department: Liberty University School of Education Mailing Address: 125 Woodgate Court APT 2C, Charlottesville, VA 22901 Telephone: (434) 251-2255 LU Email: rwweringo@liberty.edu Check all that apply:  Faculty  Graduate Student  Undergraduate Student  Staff This research is for:  Class Project  Master’s Thesis  Doctoral Dissertation  Faculty Research  Other (describe):  Have you defended and passed your dissertation proposal?  Yes  No  N/A If no, what is your defense date?  Faculty Advisor: Verlyn Evans, Ed.D, Chair  School/Department: Liberty University School of Education Telephone:  LU Email:  Non-key Personnel: Name and Title:  School/Department:  Telephone:  LU Email:  Consultants: Name and Title: Dr. Russ Yocum School/Department: Graduate School of Education Telephone: (434) 592-5462 LU Email: ryocum@liberty.edu Liberty University Participants: Do you intend to use LU students, staff, or faculty as participants in your study? If you do not intend to use LU participants in your study, please indicate â€Å"no† and proceed to the section titled â€Å"Funding Source.† If yes, please list the department and classes you hope to enlist, and the number of participants you would like to enroll.  No  Yes   Department Class(es) In order to process your request to use LU participants, we must ensure that you have contacted the appropriate department and gained permission to collect data from them. Please obtain the original signature of the department chair in order to verify this. Signature of Department Chair Date Funding Source: If research is funded please provide the following: Grant Name (or name of the funding source):  Funding Period (month/year):  Grant Number:  Anticipated start and completion dates for collecting and analyzing data:  III. OTHER STUDY MATERIALS AND CONSIDERATIONS Does this project call for (more detail will be required later): Use of voice, video, digit al, or image recordings?  Yes  No Participant compensation?  Yes  No Advertising for participants?  Yes  No More than minimal